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Order of Saint Stanislaus
The Order of Saint Stanislaus ((ポーランド語:Order św. Stanisława Biskupa Męczennika), (ロシア語:Орден Святого Станислава)), also spelled Stanislas, was an Order in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Kingdom of Poland between 1765 and 1831 and of the Russian Empire from 1831 to 1917.〔
==History of the Order of Saint Stanislaus==
Stanisław II Augustus, King of Poland, established the ''Order of the Knights of Saint Stanislaus, Bishop and Martyr'' on May 8, 1765 to honor the service to the King.〔Stanisław Łoza, "Kawalerowie Orderu Świętego Stanisława 1765–1813" (Warszawa 1925)〕 Initially, the order was limited to 100 members who were required to prove four generations of nobility.
After the partition of Poland it was recognized in the Grand Duchy of Warsaw in 1807. Since 1815 in the Polish (Congress) Kingdom, the Order, originally in a single class, was retained and divided into four classes. At 25 January 1831 Polish Parliament deposed tsar Nicholas I of Russia (also grand master of this Polish Order) from the throne of Poland. After the downfall of the November Uprising the Imperial House of Romanov created the Royal and Imperial Order of Saint Stanislaus and added it to the awards system of the Russian Empire in 1832, where it remained until 1917. The order was abolished with the fall of the Romanovs in 1917 but, unlike other Polish orders awarded by the Tsars, the Order of Saint Stanislaus was not revived by the newly independent Second Polish Republic (possibly because in its Russian form it was often awarded by the imperial government to those Poles who co-operated with Russia rule making the Order a symbol of subservience to an occupying power).〔 It was replaced by the Order of Polonia Restituta.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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